Everything about Ambassador totally explained
An
ambassador is a
diplomatic official accredited to a
foreign sovereign or
government, or to an
international organization, to serve as the official representative of his or her own country. In everyday usage it applies to the ranking government representative stationed in a foreign
capital. The host country typically allows the ambassador control of specific territory called an
embassy, whose territory, staff, and even vehicles are generally afforded
diplomatic immunity in the host country.
The senior diplomatic officers among members of the
Commonwealth of Nations are known as
High Commissioners, who are the heads of
High Commissions. Representatives of the
Holy See are known as Papal or Apostolic
Nuncios.
Historically, officials representing their countries abroad were termed
ministers, but this term was also applied to diplomats of the second rank. The
Congress of Vienna of 1815 formalized the system of
diplomatic rank under
international law:
Ambassadors are ministers of the highest rank, with
plenipotentiary authority to represent their head of state. In modern usage, most Ambassadors on foreign postings as
head of mission carry the full title of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. "Ordinary" Ambassadors and non-plenipotentiary status are rarely used, although they may be encountered in certain circumstances.
Moreover, a
Resident Ambassador is one who resides within the country to which (s)he is accredited. A
Non-Resident Ambassador doesn't reside within the country to which (s)he is accredited but lives in a nearby country. Thus, a resident ambassador to a country might at the same time also be a non-resident ambassador to one or more other countries; this may be phrased as "Ambassador to" ... "with concurrent
accreditation to" another country.
Among
European powers, the
ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary (French
ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire or German
außerordentlicher und bevollmächtigter Botschafter) was historically deemed the personal representative of the Sovereign, and the custom of dispatching ambassadors to the head of state rather than the government has persisted. For example, ambassadors to and from the
United Kingdom are accredited to or from the Royal
Court of St. James's (referring to
St. James's Palace).
Because 33 members of the
Commonwealth of Nations have or had a common head of state, they don't exchange ambassadors, but instead have
High Commissioners which represent the government, rather than the head of state. In diplomatic usage, High Commissioner is considered an equivalent rank and role to an Ambassador.
Ranking below full ambassador are the rank of
Envoy,
Minister resident and
Chargé d'affaires. They represent their government rather than their head of state. For further details, see
diplomatic rank.
While the title generally reflects the Ambassador's position as head of a diplomatic mission, in some countries the term may also represent a rank held by career diplomats, as a matter of internal promotion, regardless of the posting, and in many national careers it's quite common for them to be appointed to other functions, especially within the ministry/ministries in charge of foreign affairs, in some countries in systematic alteration with actual postings.
The formal form of address for an ambassador is generally the form that would be used to address a head of state: "(Your/His/Her) Excellency" followed by name and/or the country represented. In many countries, less formal variations are frequently used, such as "Ambassador" followed by name, or the name followed by "Ambassador of...". In the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" may be used.
In some countries, a former Ambassador may continue to be styled and addressed as Ambassador throughout his or her life (in the United States, "Mr. Ambassador" or equivalent terms for females may be heard). In other countries, Ambassador is a title that accrues to the individual only with respect to a specific position, and may not be used after leaving the position. Some countries don't use the term while an Ambassador is in the home country, as the individual isn't an Ambassador there; for example, a Canadian Ambassador while in Canada isn't generally addressed as Ambassador, although he or she may be referred to as "Canadian Ambassador to ...", that is, with reference to a specific job function; they're never addressed or styled as Ambassador after leaving a position or retiring.
Extraordinary postings
Not unlike many diplomats of the lower rank of
Resident (Minister) or the usually full rank of high commissioner, or in other circumstances a
Consular representative, an ambassador can in specific historical conditions be entrusted with a task that's no less administrative than diplomatic, such as representing the protector in a
protectorate of the subordinate kind, for example posted by France in the
Saar (rather a mandate territory by another name, in part of Germany).
Lists of ambassadors
Non-diplomatic ambassadorships
In a less formal sense, the word is used for high-profile non-diplomatic representative of various entities (rarely states), mainly cultural and charitable organisations, often as willing figure heads to attract media attention, for example film and pop stars makes appeals to the public at large for UNESCO activities (see
UNESCO Goodwill Ambassadors), sometimes during press-swarmed visits in the field.
In French speaking regions such as France,
Wallonia or Quebec, the title of
ambassadeur person.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Ambassador'.
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